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對于已經(jing)運(yun)行的(de)廚(chu)(chu)房，餐(can)(can)具(ju)的(de)洗(xi)消量(liang)是清楚的(de)，而對于策劃建設中(zhong)的(de)廚(chu)(chu)房，選用洗(xi)碗機時就(jiu)需要對餐(can)(can)具(ju)量(liang)進行計算。食(shi)堂和快餐(can)(can)店比(bi)較好(hao)計算，因為就(jiu)餐(can)(can)人(ren)數比(bi)較固(gu)定，餐(can)(can)具(ju)品種和用量(liang)都比(bi)較少(shao)。餐(can)(can)館(guan)，特別是高檔餐(can)(can)館(guan)，餐(can)(can)具(ju)品種多(duo)(duo)，用量(liang)多(duo)(duo)，還涉及(ji)是否有集中(zhong)餐(can)(can)具(ju)配(pei)送(song)的(de)問題(ti)。現在許多(duo)(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)餐(can)(can)館(guan)由餐(can)(can)具(ju)洗(xi)消配(pei)送(song)中(zhong)心配(pei)送(song)5件(jian)套餐(can)(can)具(ju)，其余餐(can)(can)具(ju)由餐(can)(can)館(guan)自(zi)行負責(ze)洗(xi)消。

1、餐具的組成

在對餐具(ju)量進行計算之前(qian)，首先分析一下餐具(ju)的組(zu)(zu)成。餐館的餐具(ju)大致由三類組(zu)(zu)成：餐位餐具(ju)、上(shang)菜餐具(ju)和特色餐具(ju)。

1）餐(can)(can)(can)位餐(can)(can)(can)具：每(mei)位客人必(bi)用的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具，如(ru)骨(gu)碟、翅碗、茶杯、直口杯、瓷勺。面館(guan)的(de)拉面碗、羊湯館(guan)的(de)湯碗等(deng)都是(shi)按餐(can)(can)(can)位和(he)就餐(can)(can)(can)人數(shu)配(pei)置的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具。前(qian)面五種餐(can)(can)(can)具稱為五件(jian)套，加(jia)上(shang)筷子就是(shi)6件(jian)，是(shi)一般餐(can)(can)(can)館(guan)常用的(de)標準餐(can)(can)(can)具配(pei)置。還有一些公用的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具也(ye)是(shi)按餐(can)(can)(can)位考慮(lv)配(pei)置的(de)，如(ru)醬油壺(hu)、醋(cu)壺(hu)、煙缸、調(diao)料盒等(deng)根(gen)據餐(can)(can)(can)桌配(pei)置。不同檔次的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)館(guan)可在(zai)此基礎(chu)上(shang)增減，一般人均3－10件(jian)。餐(can)(can)(can)位餐(can)(can)(can)具是(shi)數(shu)量(liang)最大(da)、清(qing)洗消毒比(bi)較麻(ma)煩(fan)的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具。

2）上菜餐(can)具：專門用來為客人上菜的餐(can)具，有(you)平盤(pan)、殼盤(pan)、魚盤(pan)、湯(tang)盆(pen)、火(huo)鍋、湯(tang)勺等種類(lei)繁多，不一(yi)一(yi)列舉。一(yi)般人均1～5件，數量(liang)僅次于餐(can)位餐(can)具。

3）特(te)色餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)：為體現酒(jiu)店(dian)檔(dang)次特(te)色所用的(de)餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，如金銀餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)、醒酒(jiu)器、分(fen)酒(jiu)器、冰粒(li)桶(tong)、冰夾等。特(te)色餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)根據(ju)需要配置(zhi)和(he)使用，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有隨(sui)機性，主(zhu)要為高檔(dang)餐(can)廳的(de)包間配置(zhi)。由于每(mei)餐(can)需要洗(xi)消的(de)餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)主(zhu)要是(shi)餐(can)位餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)菜餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，一(yi)個最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)段所需要的(de)餐(can)位餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)上菜餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)就(jiu)是(shi)餐(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)最(zui)低(di)配置(zhi)量(liang)，可按就(jiu)餐(can)人(ren)數進行計算。

2、餐具量計算

餐館就餐人數(shu)可以(yi)按餐位數(shu)計(ji)算，經營好的(de)(de)餐館要(yao)(yao)(yao)翻倍計(ji)算。特色餐具(ju)(ju)用(yong)量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對少(shao)得多(duo)，可簡單估算。這里(li)只是提供(gong)了(le)一種思路，只計(ji)算了(le)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)餐具(ju)(ju)量(liang)，還有許(xu)(xu)多(duo)茶(cha)具(ju)(ju)、公用(yong)餐具(ju)(ju)、定期清(qing)洗的(de)(de)調(diao)料壺后廚應用(yong)的(de)(de)餐具(ju)(ju)、盆盤等(deng)沒有計(ji)算在內，數(shu)量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對要(yao)(yao)(yao)少(shao)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)，具(ju)(ju)體應用(yong)還是要(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合實(shi)際(ji)情況確(que)定，適當加以(yi)考慮。

計算舉例：

一個(ge)(ge)中(zhong)等中(zhong)餐(can)(can)廳，10個(ge)(ge)15個(ge)(ge)餐(can)(can)位的(de)包(bao)間(jian)，150個(ge)(ge)散臺餐(can)(can)位，合(he)計300個(ge)(ge)餐(can)(can)位。包(bao)間(jian)餐(can)(can)位按高(gao)檔計算，最低配置餐(can)(can)具量為

50個散臺餐位×13件(jian)(jian)／人(ren)＋150包間餐位×16件(jian)(jian)／人(ren)≥4350件(jian)(jian)

可選2000件／小(xiao)時以上(shang)的(de)洗(xi)碗(wan)機(ji)。如果經營(ying)火(huo)爆，散(san)臺每餐二次(ci)就餐，散(san)臺餐具量翻倍計算餐具洗(xi)消量可達6300件，就需要選配3000件／小(xiao)時以上(shang)的(de)洗(xi)碗(wan)機(ji)。

一個1500人就(jiu)餐的食堂，餐具洗(xi)消量按(an)就(jiu)餐人數(shu)計算(suan)：

1500人×4件／人＝6000件

該食堂需要(yao)選配3000件／小時以(yi)上(shang)的洗(xi)碗機。

3、外餐餐具計算說明

外餐(can)(can)(can)有多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，尤其西(xi)餐(can)(can)(can)，最顯著的(de)特(te)點是在餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)配置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方面比較(jiao)(jiao)講(jiang)究。各(ge)國西(xi)餐(can)(can)(can)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)和(he)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)次的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)館用(yong)(yong)法(fa)也(ye)不盡相同。目(mu)就(jiu)有許多(duo)(duo)餐(can)(can)(can)廳(ting)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)通用(yong)(yong)型(xing)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)配置(zhi)(zhi)，也(ye)就(jiu)是餐(can)(can)(can)用(yong)(yong)刀、叉(cha)不分(fen)(fen)主副魚肉，匙不分(fen)(fen)濃湯、清湯，佐餐(can)(can)(can)酒(jiu)杯也(ye)不分(fen)(fen)紅酒(jiu)與白酒(jiu)。由于(yu)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)類減少，則補給也(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)容(rong)易，員(yuan)工的(de)訓練(lian)也(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)簡單(dan)，更經濟方便(bian)。高檔(dang)餐(can)(can)(can)廳(ting)還是要按照(zhao)規(gui)格標準(zhun)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)，完全按照(zhao)西(xi)方人(ren)士的(de)餐(can)(can)(can)飲習慣配置(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)皿及刀叉(cha)匙等餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)。計(ji)算方法(fa)與中(zhong)餐(can)(can)(can)一(yi)樣，只需要把人(ren)均標準(zhun)確定下來(lai)，最低配置(zhi)(zhi)量就(jiu)好計(ji)算了。由于(yu)外餐(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)(zhong)類標準(zhun)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)就(jiu)不一(yi)一(yi)列舉了。

4、餐具(ju)周(zhou)轉量計(ji)算說明

餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)屬于管理范圍，由(you)于涉(she)及餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)存儲空間和(he)洗(xi)碗機(ji)配置問題，在(zai)此(ci)略加(jia)說明。規范標準(zhun)要求(qiu)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)存儲量(liang)為“最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)（套）”。“餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)就餐(can)(can)(can)段(duan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)使用(yong)2次要保(bao)證不(bu)經(jing)消毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)進入餐(can)(can)(can)廳(ting)”，這一(yi)原則就確定了餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基數(shu)。餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)應(ying)與就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)和(he)經(jing)營規模相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)，不(bu)少于高峰(feng)就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)。應(ying)按(an)上述計(ji)算方(fang)法(fa)算出一(yi)個(ge)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)段(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)量(liang)，再適(shi)當(dang)增加(jia)富余量(liang)20％，就能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)供應(ying)。餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)一(yi)般按(an)如下(xia)方(fang)法(fa)計(ji)算：零點(dian)飯店(dian)按(an)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2．5倍(bei)（套）計(ji)算；食堂、快餐(can)(can)(can)店(dian)按(an)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)（套）計(ji)算；有宴會接待(dai)服務和(he)散客接待(dai)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)廳(ting)按(an)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)就餐(can)(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3倍(bei)（套）計(ji)算。各式(shi)造型規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)上菜餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是考(kao)慮零點(dian)隨機(ji)因素(su)按(an)餐(can)(can)(can)桌配套餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)計(ji)算確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)大(da)于人(ren)(ren)均配備量(liang)。餐(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是易損物品，標準(zhun)損耗(hao)率為3％，在(zai)存儲空間允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，盡量(liang)增加(jia)庫存，有備無患。